Art Nouveau
Beginning in the 1890s and spread to all art forms including architecture, interior decoration and graphic arts characterised by curved lines and asymmetrical organization.
Barbizon School
A group of 19th Century of French painters who rejected the traditional, idealized landscape and tried to achieve more realistic, natural portrailes of nature. They were greatly influenced by the Dutch landscape painters of old. Theodore Rousseau one of the fore figures in this movement.
Impressionism
A French school who was dedicated to capturing the transitory visual impressions painted directly from nature with the light and colour being of utmost importance. It was completely reliant on mood and setting that no place was ever the same on moment to the next. The fathers of this movement would be Monet and Pissarro.
Neoimpressionism
Again started in France and pioneered by the likes of George Seurat who strived to make impressionism more formal and precise. They used juxtaposing the primary colours in order to make the secondary colours brighter and more radiant, with the mixture of the two colours left the the eye of the beholder - Pointillism.
Post Impressionism
This applied to a group of artist living in France around 1885-1900. Post impressionism rejected the absence of form which became popular with the impressionists and stressed more formal qualities and the importance of the subject. This is more of an ideal as the artists who followed this movement have a great variation in style and technique. Such as Cezanne and Van Gogh.
Realism
Lead by Gustave Courbet in France its principle aims were to capture the ideal, beliefs, customs and thoughts of their age though everyday scenes.
Romanticism
A Western movement in art that is in opposition to Neoclassicism. Romantic works have bold colours, soft outlines, interesting compositions and often depict a hero.
Symbolism
In the late half of the 19th century symbolism was gain popularity through the ideals of painting no loner being about observation but turning objects into symbols of inner experience, Gauguin for example.
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